Nuclear Non-Proliferation and the Future of Global Security
Keywords:
Nuclear non-proliferation, global security, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, nuclear technologyAbstract
This research explores the role of nuclear non-proliferation policies in maintaining global stability and security, by highlighting the effectiveness of international treaties, the challenges of the era of advanced technology, and the role of international organizations in nuclear arms control. Although the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) has successfully restrained the spread of nuclear weapons in many countries, the imbalance of commitments between nuclear-weapon states and non-weapon states, as well as the development of civilian nuclear technology and cyber threats, hinder the effectiveness of non-proliferation efforts. Through a qualitative approach with literature and secondary data analysis, this research identifies the importance of transparency, collaboration between states, and strengthening the authority of international bodies such as the IAEA for stricter oversight. Suggested policy recommendations include improving cybersecurity, international standards in the use of nuclear technology, and the creation of nuclear-free zones in conflict-prone areas. The findings show that a collaborative and comprehensive approach is needed to achieve long-term success in nuclear non-proliferation efforts, in order to create a safer world from nuclear threats.
References
(2023). Nuclear Energy in Climate Resilient Power Systems. doi, 10.61092/iaea.47gr-efvv
(2023). Nuclear Energy in Mitigation Pathways to Net Zero. doi, 10.61092/iaea.pf2q-c1y0
(2023). Nuclear Proliferation and Arms Control Monitoring, Detection, and Verification, A National Security Priority. doi, 10.17226/26558
Afriantari, R., & Budiana, M. (2023). ASEAN COMISSION ON PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN (ACWC) POLICIES IN ME VIOLENCE RESPONSE TO WOMEN IN THE SPIRIT. Journal Sampurasun: Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage, 6(1), 10-20.
Allison, G. (2004). Nuclear Terrorism, The Ultimate Preventable Catastrophe. Henry Holt and Company.
Arquilla, J., & Ronfeldt, D. (2001). Networks and Netwars, The Future of Terror, Crime, and Militancy. RAND Corporation.
Aziz, Y. M. A., Huraerah, A., Budiana, M., & Vaughan, R. (2023). Policy model for development of tourism villages based on local wisdom towards self-reliant village in Pangandaran Regency, Indonesia. Otoritas: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 13(1), 169-181.
Budiana, M. (2022). The Use of E Voting in the General Election System in Indonesia. Legal Brief, 11(5), 2656-2662.
Budiana, M. (2022). Use of Social Media in Political Communication. Jurnal Info Sains: Informatika dan Sains, 12(1), 18-24.
Budiana, M. (2023). Analysis of Indonesia's Foreign Policy during President Jokowi. Jurnal Mantik, 6(3), 3564-3570.
Budiana, M. (2023). INDONESIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF STRUGGLE (PDI PERJUANGAN) STRATEGY IN 2019 WEST JAVA PROVINCE LEGISLATIVE ELECTION. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 95-103.
Budiana, M. (2023). INDONESIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF STRUGGLE (PDI PERJUANGAN) STRATEGY IN 2019 WEST JAVA PROVINCE LEGISLATIVE ELECTION. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 95-103.
Budiana, M. (2023). Indonesia's Foreign Policy in Facing Terrorism. Central European Management Journal, 30(4), 1650-1655.
Budiana, M. (2023). POLITICAL CULTURE AND SOCIETY'S POLITICAL ORIENTATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, 3(01), 108-115.
Budiana, M. (2023). The Impact of Globalization on the International Political System. Journal of Management, 2(2), 214-236.
Budiana, M. (2023). Women and Politics: Representation of Women in Political Parties. Jurnal Sosial Sains dan Komunikasi, 1(02), 69-75.
Budiana, M., & Budiman, B. (2024). Sovereignty Dynamics In The US-China Geopolitical Conflict In The South China Sea. Jurnal Sosial Sains dan Komunikasi, 3(01), 29-37.
Budiana, M., & Djuyandi, Y. (2023). INTERNATIONAL SECURITY BASED ON THE UNITED STATES RESPONSE POST TO THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CLAIM BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. Jurnal Wacana Politik, 8(1).
Budiana, M., & SIP, M. S. (2022). Strategi Komunikasi Politik Berbasis Budaya dalam Sistem Kepartaian. Deepublish.
Budiana, M., & Yusa Djuyandi, Y. D. (2023). Military Position Transition in Every Era Of Indonesian Head Of State Leadership. Journal of Governance, 7(1), 275-285.
Budiana, M., Bainus, A., Widya, R., & Setiabudi, S. (2018). Regional Election Winning Strategy of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) in North Coast Area of West Java Province (Case Study in Subang and Cirebon Regencies). Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 9(1), 31-37.
Budiana, M., Djuyandi, Y., & Dermawan, W. (2020). The contribution of organization of Islamic cooperation in southern Thailand conflict. Rivista di studi sulla sostenibilità: X, special issue, 2020, 81-95.
Budiana, M., Muhammad Fedryansyah, M. F., Yusa Djuyandi, Y. D., & Ramadhan Pancasilawan, R. P. (2023). Indonesia military power under the increasing threat of conflict in the South China Sea. Central European Journal of International and Security CEJISS., 13(4), 259-274.
Doyle, M. W. (2009). Liberal Peace, Selected Essays. Routledge.
Emmanuel, Kusi, Addo., Amos, T., Kabo-bah., Felix, Amankwah, Diawuo., Seth, Kofi, Debrah. (2023). The Role of Nuclear Energy in Reducing Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emissions and Energy Security, A Systematic Review. International Journal of Energy Research, doi, 10.1155/2023/8823507
Eunyoung, Kim., Minwoo, Yun. (2022). Responses to the emerging technology based terrorist weapons and tools, the US cases of the Homeland Security and its science-technology practices. Gyeong-won beopak, doi, 10.15335/glr.2022.15.2.006
Fitzpatrick, M. (2016). Asia’s Latent Nuclear Powers, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Routledge.
G.N., Barrie. (2023). Five Decades of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, Time to Pass the Baton to the UN Security Council?. South African Yearbook of International Law, doi, 10.25159/2521-2583/9561
Gartzke, E., & Kroenig, M. (2009). Strategic Stability in the Second Nuclear Age. American Political Science Review, 103(1), 133–153.
Iftikhar, Ali., Muhammad, Sadiq. (2023). The Perils of Non-State Actors in Pakistan, Assessing the Risks of Nuclear Safety and Security. International journal of nuclear security, doi, 10.7290/ijns082376
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). (2021). Nuclear Energy for a Net Zero World. IAEA.
Jenkins, B. M. (2013). The Dynamics of Nuclear Proliferation and Terrorism. RAND Corporation.
Kemp, R. S. (2014). The Non-Proliferation Treaty, Foundations of Nuclear Non-Proliferation. In Oxford Handbook of the International Law of Global Security (pp. 235-258). Oxford University Press.
Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (2012). Power and Interdependence. Longman.
Kristensen, H. M., & Norris, R. S. (2018). Status of World Nuclear Forces. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 74(5), 289-301.
Manboah-Rockson,, Joseph, K.., Teng-Zeng,, Frank, K.. (2024). The United Nations (UN) at Crossroads in 2022, An Assessment of ‘Geopolitical Tensions’ in International Relations (IR). المجلة الدولية للعلوم الانسانية والاجتماعية, doi, 10.47941/ijhss.1827
Mantinband, J. (2020). Regional Non-Proliferation Efforts and the Role of ASEAN. Journal of Global Security Studies, (2), 169-185.
Mario, Marinov. (2022). The Strategic Nuclear Treaty Regime at a Crossroads. The (Im)Possible Search for a New Point of Balance?. Romanian Military Thinking, doi, 10.55535/rmt.2022.4.05
Matthew, R., Naunheim. (2022). Nuclear security. doi, 10.4337/9781788111904.00026
Matthew, R., Naunheim. (2022). Nuclear security. doi, 10.4337/9781788111904.00026
Miller, S. E., & Sagan, S. D. (2017). Nuclear Energy, the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, and the Potential for Nuclear Proliferation. In The Nuclear Tipping Point (pp. 123-150). Brookings Institution Press.
Muhammad, Sadiq., Iftikhar, Ali. (2022). Non-State Actors, Sub-Conventional Warfare, and India-Pakistan Nuclear Crisis Stability/Instability. Journal of Asian and African Studies, doi, 10.1177/00219096221108736
Omojola, Awogbemi., Adeolu, Adesoji, Adediran., Remilekun, .L., Elewa., Kazeem, Aderemi, Bello., Rotimi, A., Ibikunle., Francis, Olusesi, Borokinni., SM, Adedayo., P.P., Ikubanni. (2024). Exploring Nuclear Energy to meet Sustainable Development Goals. doi, 10.1109/seb4sdg60871.2024.10629889
Patricia, Owens. (2009). Reclaiming ‘Bare Life’?, Against Agamben on Refugees. International Relations, 23(4),567-582. doi, 10.1177/0047117809350545
Potter, W. C., & Mukhatzhanova, G. (2012). Forecasting Nuclear Proliferation in the 21st Century, The Role of Theory. Stanford University Press.
Priangani, A., & Budiana, M. (2021, December). PENGUATAN KETERAMPILAN TEKNIK NEGOSIASI DI KALANGAN SISWA SMA. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Penguatan Inovasi IPTEKS bagi Pemerintah Daerah (pp. 2-8). Lembaga Penelitian, Publikasi dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP3M) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Priangani, A., Oktavian, A., & Budiana, M. (2018). Manajemen Perbatasan Di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia Malaysia. Prosiding Senaspolhi, 1(1).
Qiang, Wang., Fengyu, Ren., Rongrong, Li. (2024). Geopolitics and energy security, a comprehensive exploration of evolution, collaborations, and future directions. Humanities & social sciences communications, doi, 10.1057/s41599-024-03507-2
S., M., Rogov. (2021). Global and Regional Stability in the Nuclear World. Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences, doi, 10.1134/S101933162103014X
Sagan, S. D., & Waltz, K. N. (2002). The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, A Debate Renewed. W.W. Norton & Company.
Saipiatuddin., Indra, Kristian., Ananda, Rivaldo, Sari., Muhammad, Rizal, Rifaldi., Totok, Hendarto. (2024). 1. Geopolitical Tensions In The Modern World, A Comprehensive Global Risk Analysis And The Path Forward For International Diplomacy. The international journal of science in society, doi, 10.54783/ijsoc.v6i1.1096
Saipiatuddin., Indra, Kristian., Ananda, Rivaldo, Sari., Muhammad, Rizal, Rifaldi., Totok, Hendarto. (2024). Geopolitical Tensions In The Modern World, A Comprehensive Global Risk Analysis And The Path Forward For International Diplomacy. The international journal of science in society, doi, 10.54783/ijsoc.v6i1.1096
Solingen, E. (2007). Nuclear Logics, Contrasting Paths in East Asia and the Middle East. Princeton University Press.
Waltz, K. N. (1981). The Spread of Nuclear Weapons, More May Be Better. The Adelphi Papers, 171, 1-35.
Wei, Shou, Hu., Yue, Shan., Yun, Deng., Ningning, Fu., Jian, Duan., Haining, Jiang., Jianzhen, Zhang. (2023). Geopolitical Risk Evolution and Obstacle Factors of Countries along the Belt and Road and Its Types Classification. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, doi, 10.3390/ijerph20021618
William, R., Katowitz. (2022). Regimul tratatelor nucleare strategice la răscruce. Căutarea (im)posibilă a unui nou punct de echilibru?. doi, 10.55535/gmr.2022.4.05
Yaroslav, Izmaylov., Iryna, Yegorova. (2024). Global challenges to modern international security system. doi, 10.62911/ete.2024.02.01.02
Yixuan, Du., Hu, Shiwei. (2023). Calculation of the Environmental Carrying Capacity of the Civil Nuclear Technology Application Industry Based on its Carbon Footprint. Journal of resources and ecology, doi, 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2023.05.007
Yujin, J., Jung. (2024). Cyber Shadows over Nuclear Peace, Understanding and Mitigating Digital Threats to Global Security. The Journal of Asian Security & International Affairs, doi, 10.1177/23477970241250102
Zaelani, I. R., & Budiana, M. (2024). CLUSTERING SUNDANESE CULTURAL ARTICLES ON GOOGLE SCHOLAR: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW. Journal Sampurasun: Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage, 10(1), 27-39.
Zygmunt, Frajzyngier. (2022). Non-proliferation of nuclear weapons. doi, 10.4337/9781788111904.00023.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Budiana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
