International Humanitarian Intervention Ethical Dilemmas and Political Realities
Keywords:
Humanitarian Intervention, Responsibility to Protect, Global Politics, Human RightsAbstract
This research addresses the complexities of international humanitarian intervention with a focus on the ethical dilemmas and political realities that accompany it. Humanitarian interventions are often justified based on the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) principle, which emphasizes the international obligation to protect civilians from massive violence. However, the implementation of this principle is often hampered by global political considerations and the national interests of major powers, leading to imbalances in the selection of interventions. Through a qualitative approach with case study analysis of the interventions in Libya and Syria, this research explores how political interests can affect the effectiveness and credibility of interventions, as well as engender distrust of the moral motives behind them. The results show that besides being affected by ethical and political dilemmas, humanitarian interventions without a comprehensive post-conflict strategy can lead to prolonged instability. Therefore, the research recommends reforms in international decision-making structures to make humanitarian interventions more equitable and effective, focusing on the protection of human rights without the dominance of political interests. The research concludes that global policy reforms are needed to strengthen the credibility and effectiveness of humanitarian interventions in protecting civilians.
References
(2022). 33. Humanitarian intervention in world politics. doi: 10.1093/hepl/9780192898142.003.0033
Afriantari, R., & Budiana, M. (2023). ASEAN COMISSION ON PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF RIGHTS OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN (ACWC) POLICIES IN ME VIOLENCE RESPONSE TO WOMEN IN THE SPIRIT. Journal Sampurasun: Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage, 6(1), 10-20.
Allen, Buchanan. (2018). Reforming the Law of Humanitarian Intervention. doi: 10.1093/OSO/9780190878436.003.0007
Aziz, Y. M. A., Huraerah, A., Budiana, M., & Vaughan, R. (2023). Policy model for development of tourism villages based on local wisdom towards self-reliant village in Pangandaran Regency, Indonesia. Otoritas: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 13(1), 169-181.
Bellamy, A. J., & Williams, P. D. (2005). “The Responsibility to Protect and the Crisis in Darfur”. Security Dialogue, 36(1), 27-47. doi10.1177/0967010605051922
Budiana, M. (2022). The Use of E Voting in the General Election System in Indonesia. Legal Brief, 11(5), 2656-2662.
Budiana, M. (2022). Use of Social Media in Political Communication. Jurnal Info Sains: Informatika dan Sains, 12(1), 18-24.
Budiana, M. (2023). Analysis of Indonesia's Foreign Policy during President Jokowi. Jurnal Mantik, 6(3), 3564-3570.
Budiana, M. (2023). INDONESIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF STRUGGLE (PDI PERJUANGAN) STRATEGY IN 2019 WEST JAVA PROVINCE LEGISLATIVE ELECTION. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 95-103.
Budiana, M. (2023). INDONESIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF STRUGGLE (PDI PERJUANGAN) STRATEGY IN 2019 WEST JAVA PROVINCE LEGISLATIVE ELECTION. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 95-103.
Budiana, M. (2023). Indonesia's Foreign Policy in Facing Terrorism. Central European Management Journal, 30(4), 1650-1655.
Budiana, M. (2023). POLITICAL CULTURE AND SOCIETY'S POLITICAL ORIENTATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, 3(01), 108-115.
Budiana, M. (2023). The Impact of Globalization on the International Political System. Journal of Management, 2(2), 214-236.
Budiana, M. (2023). Women and Politics: Representation of Women in Political Parties. Jurnal Sosial Sains dan Komunikasi, 1(02), 69-75.
Budiana, M., & Budiman, B. (2024). Sovereignty Dynamics In The US-China Geopolitical Conflict In The South China Sea. Jurnal Sosial Sains dan Komunikasi, 3(01), 29-37.
Budiana, M., & Djuyandi, Y. (2023). INTERNATIONAL SECURITY BASED ON THE UNITED STATES RESPONSE POST TO THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CLAIM BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. Jurnal Wacana Politik, 8(1).
Budiana, M., & SIP, M. S. (2022). Strategi Komunikasi Politik Berbasis Budaya dalam Sistem Kepartaian. Deepublish.
Budiana, M., & Yusa Djuyandi, Y. D. (2023). Military Position Transition in Every Era Of Indonesian Head Of State Leadership. Journal of Governance, 7(1), 275-285.
Budiana, M., Bainus, A., Widya, R., & Setiabudi, S. (2018). Regional Election Winning Strategy of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) in North Coast Area of West Java Province (Case Study in Subang and Cirebon Regencies). Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 9(1), 31-37.
Budiana, M., Djuyandi, Y., & Dermawan, W. (2020). The contribution of organization of Islamic cooperation in southern Thailand conflict. Rivista di studi sulla sostenibilità: X, special issue, 2020, 81-95.
Budiana, M., Muhammad Fedryansyah, M. F., Yusa Djuyandi, Y. D., & Ramadhan Pancasilawan, R. P. (2023). Indonesia military power under the increasing threat of conflict in the South China Sea. Central European Journal of International and Security CEJISS., 13(4), 259-274.
Chandler, D. (2006). “From Kosovo to Kabul Human Rights and International Intervention”. Pluto Press.
Enemaku, Umar, Idachaba. (2024). The Responsibility to Protect (RtoP): Norm Institutionalisation, Issues and Challenges. Africa's Global Engagement: Perspectives from Emerging Countries, doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-8163-2_21
Evans, G., & Sahnoun, M. (2002). “The Responsibility to Protect”. Foreign Affairs, 81(6), 99-110. doi10.2307/20033347
Fayth, Ruffin., John, C., Mubangizi. (2013). The morality and politics of humanitarian intervention with specific reference to the 2011 Libyan experience. Politeia,
Hehir, A. (2010). “Humanitarian Intervention An Introduction”. Palgrave Macmillan.
Kuperman, A. J. (2001). “The Limits of Humanitarian Intervention Genocide in Rwanda”. Brookings Institution Press.
Luck, E. C. (2008). “The United Nations and the Responsibility to Protect Challenges and Prospects”. Policy Analysis Brief, The Stanley Foundation.
Mark, Swatek-Evenstein. (2020). A History of Humanitarian Intervention.
Memoona, Nasir. (2024). Assessing the inaction of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) in Myanmar and Gaza Amidst Atrocity Crimes. NUST journal of international peace and stability, doi: 10.37540/njips.v7i2.176
Mohammed, B., E., Saaida. (2023). The Effectiveness of International Humanitarian Intervention in Conflict Zones. International journal of political science and public administration, doi: 10.51483/ijpspa.3.2.2023.49-57
Muhammad, Fahmi, Md, Ramzan., M., Z., Abdul, Rahman., Nurfarhana, Mohd, Daud. (2022). Analisis Legitimasi Campur Tangan Kemanusiaan: Sorotan Terhadap Prinsip-Prinsip Asas Undang-Undang Antarabangsa. Jurnal PERADABAN, doi: 10.22452/peradaban.vol15no1.2
Nicholas, Idris, Erameh., Victor, Ojakorotu., Ambassador, Robert, Adebiyi. (2024). Can the Responsibility to Protect Doctrine Act as Deterrence Against Mass Atrocity and Human Rights Infringement in Africa?. Africa's Global Engagement: Perspectives from Emerging Countries, doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-8163-2_20
Nicholas, Michelsen. (2023).. Humanitarian intervention?. doi: 10.4337/9781800377240.00013
Pattison, J. (2010). “Humanitarian Intervention and the Responsibility to Protect Who Should Intervene?” Oxford University Press.
Pedro, Arcos, González., Rick, Kye, Gan. (2024). The Evolution of Humanitarian Aid in Disasters: Ethical Implications and Future Challenges. Philosophies, doi: 10.3390/philosophies9030062
Peter, Inalegwu, Awodi., Sharkdam, Wapmuk. (2024). From Peacekeeping to Responsibility to Protect: Unpacking the Genealogy and History of the RtoP Doctrine in the International Humanitarian System. Africa's Global Engagement: Perspectives from Emerging Countries, doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-8163-2_3
Power, S. (2003). “A Problem from Hell America and the Age of Genocide”. Basic Books.
Priangani, A., & Budiana, M. (2021, December). PENGUATAN KETERAMPILAN TEKNIK NEGOSIASI DI KALANGAN SISWA SMA. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Penguatan Inovasi IPTEKS bagi Pemerintah Daerah (pp. 2-8). Lembaga Penelitian, Publikasi dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP3M) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Priangani, A., Oktavian, A., & Budiana, M. (2018). Manajemen Perbatasan Di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia Malaysia. Prosiding Senaspolhi, 1(1).
Radoslav, Packa. (2023). Humanitarian Interventions after 1945: Multilateralism, Success Rate and the Impact of the Intervention on the Democratization Process of the Impacted States. Politické vedy, doi: 10.24040/politickevedy.2023.26.1.118-135
Ramakrushna, Pradhan., Anantagopal, Sing. (2024). Humanitarian Intervention in Syria: A Critical Analysis. International Studies, doi: 10.1177/00208817241228385
Roberts, A. (2000). “NATO's ‘Humanitarian War’ over Kosovo”. Survival, 41(3), 102-123. doi10.1080/713660993
Ronald, Olufemi, Badru., Temitope, Oluwaseun, Oluyemi. (2024). Responsibility-to-Protect and a Tri-dimensional Methodology: Exploring the Epistemic-Morality of an Interventionist Principle. Africa's Global Engagement: Perspectives from Emerging Countries, doi: 10.1007/978-981-99-8163-2_2
Saira, Mohamed. (2010). Restructuring the Debate on Unauthorized Humanitarian Intervention. Social Science Research Network,
Sidita, Kushi. (2022). Selective humanitarians: how region and conflict perception drive military interventions in intrastate crises. International Relations, doi: 10.1177/00471178221104344
Steven, Dixon. (2013). Humanitarian Intervention: A Novel Constructivist Analysis of Norms and Behaviour.
Thakur, R. (2006). “The United Nations, Peace and Security From Collective Security to the Responsibility to Protect”. Cambridge University Press.
Weiss, T. G. (2012). “Humanitarian Intervention Ideas in Action” (2nd ed.). Polity Press.
Wheeler, N. J. (2000). “Saving Strangers Humanitarian Intervention in International Society”. Oxford University Press.
Williams, P. D., & Bellamy, A. J. (2012). “Principles, Politics, and Prudence Libya, the Responsibility to Protect, and the Use of Force”. Global Governance, 18(3), 273-297.
Zaelani, I. R., & Budiana, M. (2024). CLUSTERING SUNDANESE CULTURAL ARTICLES ON GOOGLE SCHOLAR: A BIBLIOMETRIC REVIEW. Journal Sampurasun: Interdisciplinary Studies for Cultural Heritage, 10(1), 27-39.
Zeljana, Zmire., Sang-Kyou, Kim. (2023). NATO’s and Russian involvement in the Libyan Crisis in a view of the Post-Cold War Realism vs. Humanitarianism. doi: 10.29159/kjas.41.1.7
Zifcak, S. (2012). “The Responsibility to Protect after Libya and Syria”. Melbourne Journal of International Law, 13(1), 59-93.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Muhammad Budiana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
