Journal of Law, Social Science and Humanities

IMPLEMENTATION OF VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICE (VTS) AND AUTOMATIC IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM (AIS) FOR SHIPPING SAFETY: A CASE STUDY OF TYPE A CLASS II BENOA NAVIGATION DISTRICT

Nancy Reagan Kadafuk, Ni Ketut Wiratny, Kadek Dedy Suryana — Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Legal regulations regarding the implementation of Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) and Automatic Identification System (AIS) devices to ensure shipping safety in Indonesia are contained in the Minister of Transportation Regulation (Permenhub) Number 18 of 2022 concerning Automatic Identification Systems for Ships Conducting Activities in Indonesian Waters. This regulation replaces the previous regulation and requires vessels navigating in Indonesian waters (both national and foreign) to install and activate AIS. Obstacles encountered in implementing the Vessel Traffic Service System and Automatic Identification System devices in the Benoa Class II Type A Navigation District include non-technical obstacles in the form of operational and maintenance issues, such as aging equipment and high maintenance costs. Furthermore, there are technical obstacles related to the integration of disparate systems, as well as challenges in providing and maintaining the necessary hardware and software.

Managing Communication Boundaries: A Lecturer’s Approach to Privacy and Professionalism on Discord

Shinta Qayla Vashty, Dedeh Fardiah — Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Digital transformation in higher education has reshaped how lecturers and students communicate, shifting from classroom-based interactions to more fluid online spaces. Discord, originally used by gaming communities, now functions as an alternative academic environment that integrates coordination, discussion, and social interaction. This study aims to understand how a lecturer manages the boundary between professional and personal domains when interacting with students via Discord, and the reasons behind these practices. The study employs an interpretive paradigm with a single-case study design. Data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation of digital conversations on the Discord server “KEWIRAUSAHAAN – A MOR.” The analysis was conducted using interpretive thematic procedures with Communication Privacy Management theory as the conceptual lens. Five main themes were identified. First, the structure and division of Discord channels create an organized system for academic communication. Second, professional–personal boundaries are managed through spatial, temporal, and interactional norms. Third, privacy is understood as control over access and the rhythm of communication. Fourth, adaptation to Generation Z characteristics shapes a more flexible communication style without loss of authority. Fifth, digital professionalism is reflected in consistent values of integrity and responsibility across interactional contexts. This study affirms that academic communication practices on Discord center on boundary maintenance. Boundaries function as a means for lecturers to organize relational dynamics, protect personal space, and sustain professionalism within an increasingly open digital ecosystem.

EFFECTIVENESS OF GOVERNMENT PROCUREMENT OF GOODS AND SERVICES THROUGH ELECTRONIC CATALOGUE (Study in the Jurisdiction of the Denpasar High Court)

Ade Kurniawan, Ni Ketut Wiratny, Kadek Deddy Suryana — Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Government procurement of goods and services (PBJP) is a vital element in public and development activities that has the potential to lead to inefficiency, abuse, or corruption if not managed properly. PBJP reform through electronic catalogs (e-catalogs) aims to support the principles of good governance. This study aims to analyze the implementation and effectiveness of government procurement of goods and services through electronic catalogs from the perspective of general principles of good governance in the jurisdiction of the Denpasar High Court. The study uses an empirical legal approach with a focus on social facts and legal phenomena in society. Data were collected through interviews with informants (budget users, commitment-making officials, procurement officials, supplier selection working groups) and questionnaires with respondents, as well as secondary data searches such as laws and literature. The findings indicate that the e-catalog regulation has provided sufficient legal certainty (93% of respondents stated that the regulation is clear), but there is still a need for additional technical guidelines. Human resource competency was considered adequate by 77% of respondents, although 23% noted limited digital literacy. The majority of respondents (82%) were satisfied with price transparency, but only 64% were satisfied with product variety. Technical obstacles such as network disruptions and platform performance were also identified. The implementation of PBJP through an electronic catalog at the Denpasar High Court is supported by a strong legal basis, but has not yet reached optimal levels due to obstacles such as uneven understanding among officials, limited variety and specifications of goods/services, and technical system constraints

Implementation of Restorative Justice in Resolution of Motorcycle Theft Criminal Acts in the Jurisdiction of the North Kuta Police Sector

Made Mangku Bunciana, Erikson Sihotang, I Nyoman Suandika — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The application of restorative justice in resolving motorcycle theft crimes within the jurisdiction of the
North Kuta Police Sector has applied the principles of restorative justice through penal mediation, resulting
in an agreement between the perpetrator and the victim. This has reduced the caseload, expedited resolution,
and achieved participatory justice. However, obstacles remain, including victim resistance, differing
understandings among investigators, and minimal community support. Therefore, optimizing the
implementation of restorative justice requires increasing the capacity of investigators, providing outreach
to the community, and strengthening technical regulations so that this approach is not merely formal but
effective as a fair, efficient, and contextual justice solution. Obstacles to the police implementing restorative
justice in resolving motorcycle theft crimes within the jurisdiction of the North Kuta Police Sector can be
both internal and external. Internal obstacles relate to the quality of police human resources, while external
obstacles include the inability of the community and related institutions to cooperate in law enforcement.

Law Enforcement for Mild Crimes Through Plea Bargaining to Achieve Efficiency in Resolution of Criminal Cases

Sugiyanto, Nurianto, Zuhro Nurindahwati — Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The lengthy criminal justice process in Indonesia has led to a backlog of cases, hindering the realization of the principles of simple, expeditious, and low-cost justice delivery. Legal reform is urgently needed to create a more effective and efficient legal process, one approach being the Plea Bargaining System. Negotiations through Plea Bargaining can avoid lengthy trials, save time, and expedite case resolution, thereby reducing the burden on the justice system. However, the existence of a Legal Norm Vacuum regarding the regulation of Plea Bargaining in Legislation has the potential to cause Legal Uncertainty, because there are no clear rules governing the conditions, procedures and limitations.The government can increase the efficiency of law enforcement for Minor offences (TIPIRING) through Plea Bargaining by accommodating the combined concept of Plea Bargaining and Restorative Justice into legislation, establishing clear and transparent procedures, and ensuring justice, benefit and legal certainty in the case resolution process through Plea Bargaining.

Police Authority in the Law Enforcement Process of Illegal Fishing in the Bali Regional Police

Gusti Ngurah Bagus Muryantika, Erikson Sihotang, Komang Edy Dharma Saputra — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Eradicating illegal fishing can no longer be achieved solely through rational and legal approaches. Given that illegal fishing is carried out using highly sophisticated methods, its eradication must be carried out in the same manner. A disorganized truth will be defeated by a well-organized crime. Therefore, the Indonesian National Police (Polri) is a crucial law enforcement agency in preventing illegal fishing. The main duties of the police, as stipulated in Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police, include maintaining public order and security, enforcing the law, and providing protection, guidance, and service to the community.The research questions address the following: first, the regulation of police authority in the process of enforcing the law on illegal fishing, and second, the obstacles faced by the police in enforcing the law on illegal fishing within the Bali Regional Police.Based on the discussion, the regulation of police authority in the process of enforcing the law on illegal fishing is regulated by Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Police and Law Number 31 of 2004 in conjunction with Law Number 45 of 2009 concerning Fisheries. Through the Directorate of Water and Air Police (Ditpolairud), the police are tasked with conducting investigations, prosecutions, arrests, and confiscation of evidence related to illegal fishing activities. This law enforcement is carried out through cross-sectoral collaboration with other agencies such as the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (KKP), the Indonesian Navy (TNI AL), and Bakamla (Law and Security Agency). The process begins with the detection of violations through sea patrols or public reports, followed by joint operations, preparation of case files, and submission of cases to the courts. Obstacles to the Bali Regional Police's enforcement of illegal fishing laws include the vastness of Bali's maritime territory, limited personnel and technology, and overlapping authority between agencies. Therefore, effective coordination is key to optimal law enforcement.

Homeless Media and the Transformation of the Local Information Ecosystem in the Digital Era

Muhammad Fazri Candra, Dede Lilis Chaerowati — Thu, 22 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Although scholarship on digital journalism and platform-based news production has continued to expand, empirical research on homeless media operating as community-based information systems in non-Western urban contexts remains limited. Most existing studies focus on alternative, hyperlocal, or networked journalism within Western institutional settings, leaving the dynamics of homeless media in Global South cities insufficiently explored. This gap obscures how platform-native media without physical newsrooms construct credibility, authority, and sustainability within technologically mediated public spheres. Addressing this gap, this study examines the Instagram account @infobandungkota (IBK) as a case of homeless media operating within the local information ecosystem of Bandung, Indonesia. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with media managers, digital observation (netnography) of Instagram content, and online archival documentation. Thematic analysis was applied to identify patterns of content production, information verification practices, audience interaction, and platform dependency. The findings reveal that IBK has evolved from a user-generated content aggregator into a professionalized community media actor. Despite operating without a formal newsroom, IBK maintains journalistic credibility through multilayered verification practices. The absence of a physical media “home” provides operational flexibility, enabling rapid field reporting and fostering relational proximity with local communities. IBK functions as a trusted node within Bandung’s local information ecosystem by integrating participatory reporting, localized cultural communication, and distribution strategies attuned to platform algorithmic logics. However, this autonomy is accompanied by structural vulnerabilities, particularly reliance on platform algorithms, the absence of institutional financial support, and increasing emotional labor among media workers. Theoretically, this study contributes to digital journalism and media ecology scholarship by reconceptualizing homeless media as autonomous local information ecosystems rather than merely platform-dependent content producers. By extending the concepts of networked publics and portable communities, the study demonstrates that media authority in non-Western urban contexts is increasingly constructed through community trust, public participation, and socio-technical adaptability, rather than through institutional infrastructure alone.

IMPLEMENTATION OF RESTORATIVE JUSTICE IN THE CRIMINAL ACT OF ASSAULT IN THE DIRECTORATE OF GENERAL CRIMINAL RESEARCH OF THE BALI REGIONAL POLICE

I Kadek Andiva Udayana, Erikson Sihotang, Komang Edy Dharma Saputra — Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The implementation of restorative justice in the crime of assault in the general criminal investigation directorate of the Bali Regional Police goes through a process that must be carried out before the termination of the investigation/investigation is carried out. The stages of investigation and inquiry continue to run in accordance with applicable procedures. The first stage in carrying out the peace process is carried out through mediation by both parties where the victim can express their feelings of discomfort and complaints felt as a result of the assault carried out by the perpetrator. The perpetrator or victim submits a written application letter addressed to the Head of the Bali Regional Police, accompanied by documents, namely a statement of peace between the perpetrator and the victim, the results of the clarification are fulfilled, the investigator will submit a request for approval to carry out a case title. After the case title is carried out, the investigator prepares a report on the results of the special case title which then issues a letter of order to stop the investigation/investigation and a letter of determination to stop the investigation/investigation for legal reasons. Obstacles to resolving Crimes with the Restorative Justice approach can be identified in general, namely, internal and external obstacles in the form of investigator competence in the Criminal Investigation Unit in the field of legal knowledge, legislation

Public Relations Strategies in Managing Corporate Reputation Through Green Campaigns (a Case Study of Corporate Communication PT. Surya Energi Indotama, Bandung , Indonesia)

Amy Elva Silviany, Ferry Darmawan — Tue, 06 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Global pressure for decarbonization and the rise of ESG-driven investment have made “green” reputation a strategic corporate asset. In Indonesia, the commitment to Net Zero Emission (NZE) 2060 and growing public concern about pollution place PT Surya Energi Indotama (SEI) under strong expectations to operate sustainably and communicate its environmental performance credibly to avoid skepticism and greenwashing accusations.

This study analyzes SEI’s Public Relations (PR) strategies in managing corporate reputation through green campaigns. Using a qualitative case study approach—through interviews, document analysis, and observation the research explores how SEI designs, executes, and evaluates its communication strategies. Drawing on stakeholder, legitimacy, and reputation theories, the findings indicate that SEI’s green campaign is crafted to engage key stakeholders and secure social legitimacy by presenting solar energy as a solution to national energy and pollution challenges. This narrative strengthens SEI’s social and environmental responsibility, thereby enhancing its corporate reputation. The study highlights the shifting role of PR in the renewable energy sector, where it functions not merely as a promotional tool but as a strategic mechanism for managing intangible assets in the green economy era.

Implementation of the Agency-Level Financial Application System (SAKTI) Based on Minister of Finance Regulation Number 158 of 2023 on the Performance of Expenditure Treasurers in the Jurisdiction of the High Religious Court of Bali

Yoga Prasetio, Nurianto, Siti Nurmawan Damanik — Thu, 05 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The digital transformation of state financial management is an integral part of bureaucratic reform and the implementation of good governance in Indonesia. One concrete manifestation of this transformation is the implementation of the Agency-Level Financial Application System (Sistem Aplikasi Keuangan Tingkat Instansi – SAKTI), which is regulated under the Regulation of the Minister of Finance Number 158 of 2023. This study aims to analyze the implementation of SAKTI and its impact on the performance of Expenditure Treasurers within the jurisdiction of the Bali Religious High Court.This research employs a qualitative method with an empirical legal approach. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and document analysis involving Expenditure Treasurers at selected work units. The results indicate that the implementation of SAKTI generally improves the effectiveness, accuracy, transparency, and accountability of state financial management. The use of an integrated electronic system simplifies administrative procedures, enhances data consistency, and strengthens internal control mechanisms in financial transactions.Nevertheless, several challenges were identified, including technical system disruptions, limited human resource competencies in information technology, and frequent regulatory changes. These factors affect the optimal use of the system and influence the workload of Expenditure Treasurers. This study concludes that although SAKTI has a positive impact on improving treasurer performance, its successful implementation depends on user readiness, institutional support, and continuous capacity building to ensure sustainable digital financial governance.

THE AUTHORITY OF THE STATE POLICE SECURITY INTELLIGENCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA IN EXPOSING THE CRIMINAL ACTS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING IN THE JURISDICTION OF THE BADUNG POLICE

I Gusti Ngurah Made Sariana, Erikson Sihotang, A.A Gde Putra Arjawa — Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The authority of the Indonesian National Police Security Intelligence Unit in uncovering the crime of human trafficking in the Badung Police jurisdiction is to conduct judicial intelligence activities and operations or investigations to collect data or information that can be used as evidence of whether or not a crime of human trafficking has occurred, which is then submitted to the leadership or interested parties for further decision making. In carrying out the investigation process and making arrests, the suspect admitted his actions, subject to Article 4 of Law Number 21 of 2007 concerning the prohibition of the crime of human trafficking. The obstacles faced by the police security intelligence unit in enforcing criminal law to uncover the crime of human trafficking in the Badung police resort area are not only from the police but also from the victims themselves who sometimes allow it because the first is unable to react to deviations, the second, the victim or other control bodies may fear that there will be more serious consequences because of the conflict, the third, this attitude of indifference has become a social climate caused by the absence of broad relations.

Implementation of Human Rights Principles in Handling Demonstrations by the Bali Regional Police Brimob Unit

I Putu Eddy Irawan, Nurianto, Siti Nurmawan Damanik — Tue, 10 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The development of the strategic environment, accompanied by the rapid spread of globalization issues, has not only brought positive impacts on societal life but has also significantly affected the public security and order situation. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the implementation of human rights principles in the handling of public demonstrations by the Mobile Brigade Unit (Satbrimob) of the Bali Regional Police. Demonstrations, as a form of public expression of opinion, are guaranteed under Article 28E of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law Number 9 of 1998. However, in practice, demonstrations often pose potential disturbances to public order, thereby requiring intervention by security forces, particularly Satbrimobda Bali. This condition demands a balance between the state’s duty to maintain security and its obligation to respect human rights.The research method employed is normative-empirical legal research using statutory, conceptual, and field study approaches. Data were collected through literature review and interviews with personnel of Satbrimobda Bali and relevant stakeholders, and subsequently analyzed qualitatively.. Normatively, the handling of demonstrations by the police, including Satbrimobda Bali, has been conducted in accordance with applicable regulations, but it has not yet been fully optimal. Therefore, improvements are required in personnel capacity building, strengthening supervision and accountability mechanisms, as well as continuous training to ensure that human rights principles are consistently applied in every handling of demonstrations. These principles are regulated in various laws and regulations, including Law Number 2 of 2002 on the Indonesian National Police, the Regulation of the Chief of Police on Crowd Control, as well as national and international human rights provisions. The implementation of human rights principles—namely necessity, proportionality, and accountability—has fundamentally served as guidance for officers’ actions in the field. Nevertheless, there remain challenges such as limited resources, the dynamic nature of crowd situations, and the potential for repressive actions by law enforcement personnel that may lead to human rights violations in the implementation of human rights principles by Satbrimobda Bali in handling public demonstrations.

Implementation of the Use of the E-Performance Application in Employee Assessment and Reporting at the High Religious Court of Bali

M.Hikmah Ardiansyah, Nurianto, Zuhro Nurindahwati — Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The implementation of the E-Kinerja application is a bureaucratic reform strategy to transform subjective manual assessment into a measurable digital system. This study aims to address the research problems: (1) How is the implementation of the E-Kinerja application at the High Religious Court of Bali? and (2) What are the obstacles encountered in its application? This is an empirical legal study with a socio-legal approach. The conclusion indicates that administratively, the implementation represents an effective reform with a 92.2% compliance rate for supporting evidence and 98% transparency. However, determinant constraints were found in the form of a digital competency gap (41.2% of employees have operational dependence) and a "procrastination culture" barrier (64.7% of employees delay reporting). Based on these findings, the author suggests that leadership formalize the "Hybrid Evaluation" mechanism (manual meetings) to complement the application, implement a cross-mentoring strategy among employees, and enforce a weekly reporting deadline policy to overcome the procrastination culture.

Narcotics Investigation Authority in Handling Criminal ACTS of Narcotics Distribution Committed by Minors in the Jurisdiction of the Bali Regional Police

I Made Karyana Dwi Indra, Erikson Sihotang, Komang Edy Dharma Saputra — Mon, 09 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The authority of narcotics investigators in handling narcotics trafficking crimes committed by minors in the jurisdiction of the Bali Regional Police has been regulated in the Criminal Procedure Code where the Republic of Indonesia police officers or certain civil servant officials are given special authority by law to conduct investigations. Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the Republic of Indonesia Police in Article 16 In order to carry out the duties of investigators as referred to in Articles 13 and 14 in the field of criminal proceedings, the Authority of Police Investigators Based on Law Number 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and the Authority of Investigators based on Law Number 11 of 2012 concerning Juvenile Justice, where Investigations into Juvenile cases are carried out by Investigators appointed based on the Decree of the Chief of the Republic of Indonesia Police or other officials appointed by the Chief of the Republic of Indonesia Police. Obstacles to Investigations: National Police investigators face various obstacles in investigating narcotics cases involving children within the jurisdiction of the Bali Regional Police. Obstacles to handling include limitations in the quality and quantity of investigators, as well as limited time to complete case files. Children involved often experience communication difficulties and are uncooperative, as well as the child's absence during summons, and the inability of parents to accompany them during the investigation.

Rehabilitation of Narcotics Addicts as an Alternative to Criminal Sentencing From the Perspective of Law Number 35 of 2009 and Efforts to Overcome Overcrowding in Correctional Institutions in Indonesia

Joni Sasmito, Shandy Anindra — Wed, 21 Jan 2026 00:00:00 +0000

Drug abuse is a complex issue that not only relates to public health but also has broad implications for the criminal justice system, particularly in the management of correctional institutions. In Indonesia, the high rate of arrests and imprisonment for narcotics-related offenses, including drug users and addicts, has resulted in severe prison overcrowding. This condition is exacerbated by law enforcement practices that still prioritize imprisonment, despite Law Number 35 of 2009 on Narcotics explicitly mandating medical and social rehabilitation for drug addicts and victims of drug abuse. This article examines the policy of rehabilitating drug addicts as an alternative to criminal sentencing and its relevance in addressing prison overcrowding. The research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and historical approaches. The findings reveal a significant gap between normative regulation and practical implementation, causing rehabilitation to be underutilized. Strengthening rehabilitation policies is therefore essential to achieve a more just, humane, and public-safety-oriented criminal justice system.