THE EFFECTIVENESS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT AGAINST ONLINE FRAUD CRIMES AT THE CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION UNIT OF THE DENPASAR CITY POLICE

Abstract

The rapid development of information technology has significantly transformed various aspects of social and economic activities, particularly through electronic transactions. However, these advancements have also contributed to the increasing prevalence of cybercrime, especially online fraud. The sophisticated modus operandi, use of fake identities, fraudulent bank accounts, and digital platforms have complicated criminal investigations and law enforcement efforts.This study aims to analyze the implementation of law enforcement against online fraud by the Criminal Investigation Unit of Denpasar Metropolitan Police and to identify factors affecting its effectiveness. The research employs an empirical legal method with an empirical juridical approach. Primary data were collected through interviews with investigators, while secondary data were obtained from legislation, legal literature, and scientific journals. Data were analyzed qualitatively.The findings indicate that law enforcement has generally been implemented in accordance with the Indonesian Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code, Law Number 1 of 2024 concerning the Second Amendment to the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Law Number 2 of 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is constrained by difficulties in tracing perpetrators, limited digital forensic facilities, inadequate public digital literacy, and the complexity of electronic evidence. Improving investigators' competence, strengthening digital forensic infrastructure, enhancing inter-agency cooperation, and increasing public awareness are essential to improve the effectiveness of law enforcement against online fraud.