China’s Rise: Implications for the International Political System
Keywords:
China's rise, Belt and Road Initiative, power transition, Thucydides TrapAbstract
This study discusses China's rise as a global power and its impact on the international political system. Through an analysis of economic, military, and diplomatic aspects, this study evaluates how China's development has affected the world order previously dominated by Western powers, especially the United States. China's Belt and Road (BRI) initiative, military modernization, and increased use of soft power reflect a major transformation in the global power structure. The results show that China's rise is creating tensions, especially in the Asia-Pacific region, and challenging the international political order through strategic competition with the United States. However, it also finds that China's rise provides opportunities for restructuring a more balanced world order, provided it is managed through constructive multilateral diplomacy. The study concludes that the change in global power triggered by China's rise must be responded to with preventive efforts to prevent further tensions. For this reason, inclusive and adaptive international cooperation is the key to future global political stability.
References
. 4. China and the liberal international order: a pragmatic and dynamic approach. International Affairs, doi: 10.1093/ia/iiad169
Allison, G. (2017). “Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides's Trap?” Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Allison, G. (2017). “Destined for War: Can America and China Escape Thucydides’s Trap?” Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Anders, Wivel. (2024). 5. Foreign Policy Analysis and Realism. doi: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198843061.013.6
Antonio, José, Pagán, Sánchez. (2024). 4. The rise of China and the US-Western Europe alliance: a crack in the liberal building?. European Security, doi: 10.1080/09662839.2024.2317705
Aziz, Y. M. A., Huraerah, A., Budiana, M., & Vaughan, R. (2023). Policy model for development of tourism villages based on local wisdom towards self-reliant village in Pangandaran Regency, Indonesia. Otoritas: Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 13(1), 169-181.
Beckley, M. (2018). “Unrivaled: Why America Will Remain the World's Sole Superpower.” Cornell University Press.
Bellal, Joseph. (2022). 3. Economic Analysis of China’s Economic Reform. doi: 10.1007/978-981-19-5470-2_10
Biddulph,, Sarah. (2022). 4. The Chinese Approach to Human Rights. German yearbook of international law, doi: 10.3790/gyil.64.1.147
Blessing, Asuquo-Ekpo. (2024). 2. China’s Economic, Military, Science and Technological Emergence in International Politics: Implications for United States’ Hegemony. World Journal Of Advanced Research and Reviews, doi: 10.30574/wjarr.2024.22.3.1791
Bremmer, I. (2010). “The End of the Free Market: Who Wins the War Between States and Corporations?” Portfolio.
Budiana, M. (2022). Use of Social Media in Political Communication. Jurnal Info Sains: Informatika dan Sains, 12(1), 18-24.
Budiana, M. (2023). Analysis of Indonesia's Foreign Policy during President Jokowi. Jurnal Mantik, 6(3), 3564-3570.
Budiana, M. (2023). INDONESIAN DEMOCRATIC PARTY OF STRUGGLE (PDI PERJUANGAN) STRATEGY IN 2019 WEST JAVA PROVINCE LEGISLATIVE ELECTION. Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews, 8(3), 95-103.
Budiana, M. (2023). POLITICAL CULTURE AND SOCIETY'S POLITICAL ORIENTATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, 3(01), 108-115.
Budiana, M., & Djuyandi, Y. (2023). INTERNATIONAL SECURITY BASED ON THE UNITED STATES RESPONSE POST TO THE SOUTH CHINA SEA CLAIM BY THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA. Jurnal Wacana Politik, 8(1).
Budiana, M., Bainus, A., Widya, R., & Setiabudi, S. (2018). Regional Election Winning Strategy of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDIP) in North Coast Area of West Java Province (Case Study in Subang and Cirebon Regencies). Journal of Social and Development Sciences, 9(1), 31-37.
Budiana, M., Djuyandi, Y., & Dermawan, W. (2020). The contribution of organization of Islamic cooperation in southern Thailand conflict. Rivista di studi sulla sostenibilità: X, special issue, 2020, 81-95.
Budiana, M., Muhammad Fedryansyah, M. F., Yusa Djuyandi, Y. D., & Ramadhan Pancasilawan, R. P. (2023). Indonesia military power under the increasing threat of conflict in the South China Sea. Central European Journal of International and Security CEJISS., 13(4), 259-274.
Callahan, W. A. (2005). "How to Understand China: The Dangers and Opportunities of Being a Rising Power." “Review of International Studies”, 31(4), 701–714.
Chun, Peng., S., Zhang. (2024). 4. A Review of Digital Economy Enabling the Transformation and Upgrading of China’s Manufacturing Industry. International Journal of Global
D., Trailović. (2023). 3. Ethnic violence and terrorism as internal challenges to China's national security: A case study of Xinjiang. Politika nacionalne bezbednosti, doi: 10.5937/pnb24-43792
Dennis, Wilder. (2024). 1. China's Bid to Remake the World Order. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs, doi: 10.1353/gia.2024.a934888
Dušan, Proroković., Nenad, Stekić. (2024). 6. New Balance of Power in the International Relations and the Role of China. doi: 10.18485/iipe_gsirescu.2024.ch5
Efe, Can, Gürcan., Can, Donduran. (2024). 2. China on the Rise. doi: 10.4324/9781003312291
Erickson, A. S. (2020). “Chinese Military Strategy in the South China Sea: Analyzing the Threat.” Naval Institute Press.
Fady, Zgheib. (2024). 1. China’s Political Influence in the Arab Gulf through Economic and Technological Channels. doi: 10.26756/th.2023.693
Fravel, M. T. (2008). “Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China's Territorial Disputes.” Princeton University Press.
Gaurav, Bhattarai., Dron, Prasad, Lamichhane. (2024). 2. Twigging the US-China Competition from the Lens of Offensive Realism: Implications for Nepal. Armed Police Force Command and Staff College journal, doi: 10.3126/japfcsc.v7i1.67005
Gilpin, R. (1981). “War and Change in World Politics.” Cambridge University Press.
Gregory, Moore. (2023). 7. The Current State of U.S.-Chinese Relations. Security Science Journal, doi: 10.37458/ssj.4.2.3
Huang, Y. (2008). “Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics: Entrepreneurship and the State.” Cambridge University Press.
Hurley, J., Morris, S., & Portelance, G. (2018). “Examining the Debt Implications of the Belt and Road Initiative from a Policy Perspective.” Center for Global Development. Retrieved from [https://www.cgdev.org](https://www.cgdev.org)
I., V., Kalashnikova., Pan, Yingzhou., Huang, Wenhua. (2024). 5. Innovative Vector of Economic Development of China. Вестник ТОГУ, doi: 10.38161/1996-3440-2024-2-127-136
Ikenberry, G. J. (2011). “Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order.” Princeton University Press.
Ikenberry, G. J. (2011). “Liberal Leviathan: The Origins, Crisis, and Transformation of the American World Order.” Princeton University Press.
John, D., Petry. (2024). 4. China’s rise, weaponised interdependence and the increasingly contested geographies of global finance. doi: 10.1080/2833115x.2023.2296439
John, J., Mearsheimer. (2024). 1. 5. Structural Realism. doi: 10.1093/hepl/9780192866455.003.0005
Johnston, A. I. (2003). "Is China a Status Quo Power?" “International Security”, 27(4), 5–56.
Juan, Carlos, Martínez, Piva. (2024). 1. Política Exterior de China: del ascenso pacífico al sueño chino - implicaciones para el análisis de las relaciones internacionales. Relaciones internacionales, doi: 10.15359/97-2.2
Kaplan, R. D. (2011). “Monsoon: The Indian Ocean and the Future of American Power.” Random House.
Klaus, Brummer., Kai, Oppermann. (2024). 3. 2. Realism. doi: 10.1093/hepl/9780192857453.003.0002
Knud, Erik, Jørgensen. (2024). 3. 6. Liberalism. doi: 10.1093/hepl/9780192866455.003.0006
Kristen, Eichensehr. (2022). 5. United States Pressures China Over Human Rights Abuses. American Journal of International Law, doi: 10.1017/ajil.2022.8
Lee, G., Branstetter. (2024). 3. Does Made in China 2025” work for China? Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Research Policy, doi: 10.1016/j.respol.2024.105009
Li, X. (2018). "China’s Belt and Road Initiative: The Impact on Global Trade and Development." “Journal of International Affairs”, 72(1), 109–125.
Lifeng, Zhang. (2024). 3. The Development and Characteristic Analysis of China's International Relations Theory. doi: 10.62051/ijgem.v2n2.21
Lorenca, Bejko. (2024). 3. "China's Ascension to Superpower Status: Examining the Impact on the Current Geopolitical Landscape and Global Power Dynamics". doi: 10.55927/ijis.v3i2.7626
Maheera, Munir., Faiza, Abid. (2024). 1. China, global governance and liberal international order: a neo-gramscian analysis. Margalla papers, doi: 10.54690/margallapapers.28.1.242
Margaret, K., Lewis. (2022). 3. China and the International Human Rights Regime 1982–2017 byRana SiuInboden.New York,Cambridge University Press,2021.320 pp. $99.99.. Political Science Quarterly, doi: 10.1002/polq.13405
Maxi, Schoeman., Chris, Alden. (2024). 2. The rise of multiplexity and a future of world order/s. doi: 10.4324/9781003460459-11
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2001). “The Tragedy of Great Power Politics.” W.W. Norton & Company.
Mearsheimer, J. J. (2014). “The Tragedy of Great Power Politics.” W.W. Norton & Company.
Mohamad, Zreik. (2024). 3. Examining the Implications of China's Belt and Road Initiative on Foreign Policy and International Relations. Journal of Globalization Studies, doi: 10.30884/jogs/2024.01.01
Mohamad, Zreik. (2024). 5. China's Belt and Road Initiative. Advances in human services and public health (AHSPH) book series, doi: 10.4018/978-1-6684-9467-7.ch005
N., H., Quyet. (2023). 5. Chinese strategy in the south china sea. World Affairs, doi: 10.1177/00438200231181141
Natalia, N., Koledenkova. (2024). 1. China: Pursuing a New Type of Industrialization. Aziâ i Afrika segodnâ, doi: 10.31857/s0321507524080025
NULL, AUTHOR_ID., Jill, L., Tao., NULL, AUTHOR_ID. (2024). 1. The South China Sea Dispute and Regional Response. Quest journal of management and social sciences, doi: 10.3126/qjmss.v6i1.67377
Nye, J. S. (2004). “Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics.” PublicAffairs.
Nye, J. S. (2004). “Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics.” PublicAffairs.
Nye, J. S. (2019). “Do Morals Matter? Presidents and Foreign Policy from FDR to Trump.” Oxford University Press.
Peerenboom, R. (2007). “China Modernizes: Threat to the West or Model for the Rest?” Oxford University Press.
Priangani, A., & Budiana, M. (2021, December). PENGUATAN KETERAMPILAN TEKNIK NEGOSIASI DI KALANGAN SISWA SMA. In Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Penguatan Inovasi IPTEKS bagi Pemerintah Daerah (pp. 2-8). Lembaga Penelitian, Publikasi dan Pengabdian Masyarakat (LP3M) Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.
Priangani, A., Oktavian, A., & Budiana, M. (2018). Manajemen Perbatasan Di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia Malaysia. Prosiding Senaspolhi, 1(1).
R., Abdikarov. (2023). 7. Technological rise of china. Eurasian research journal, doi: 10.53277/2519-2442-2023.3-04
Rachel, Maria, Naomi, Kututung., Dewi, Triwahyuni. (2024). 1. The settlement of competition between the united states and china in cyberspace in the perspective of liberalism. Proceeding of The International Conference on Business, Economics, Social Sciences, and Humanities, doi: 10.34010/icobest.v7i.625
Raisa, Braga, Cezario;, Priscila, Pinto, Brandão, de, Araújo;, Carlos, Eduarde, Bezerra, Pascoal;, Fabíola, …. (2022). 5. The Transformation of the Chinese Economy. doi: 10.1093/oso/9780192866356.003.0002
Reza, Hasmath. (2024). 3. A Peaceful Rise: How China Sees its Global Role in 2024. Journal of intelligence, conflict and warfare, doi: 10.21810/jicw.v7i1.6651
Ruochen, Dai. (2024). 1. China and International Human Rights Law. doi: 10.1017/9781009041133.015
Sadia, Rahman. (2023). 5. China’s Rise and the Global Dilemma: Balancing Economic Interdependence vis-à-vis Rules-Based System?. Malaysian Journal of International Relations, doi: 10.22452/mjir.vol11no1.9
Schweller, R. L. (2010). “After Unipolarity: China's Visions of International Order in an Era of U.S. Decline.” International Security, 36(1), 41-72.
Scott, L., Kastner., Margaret, M., Pearson., Chad, Rector. (2020). 9. China's Strategic Multilateralism: Investing in Global Governance.
Shiqing, Xiao. (2024). 4. Navigating Contradictions in Chinese Diplomacy: The Dual Narratives of Peaceful Rise and Class Struggle in Soft Power Discourse. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, doi: 10.54254/2753-7048/40/20240694
Shiyuan, Liao. (2024). 2. Economic Growth and Policy Dynamics in Contemporary China: A Comprehensive Analysis and Future Outlook. Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences, doi: 10.54254/2754-1169/71/20241390
Tamar, Mujiri. (2024). 3. The Main Historical Stages of the Evolution of China's Foreign Policy. Šromebi - Sak'art'velos tek'nikuri universiteti, doi: 10.36073/1512-0996-2024-1-241-248
Tran, Duc, Thang., Le, Hoang, Kiet. (2023). 5. China’s Foreign Security Strategy Through the Belt and Road Initiative Under Xi Jinping: Achievements and Challenges. doi: 10.59890/ijasr.v1i4.927
Wei, Zhang., Huawen, Liu. (2023). 2. Chinese Yearbook of Human Rights, Volume 5 (2023). doi: 10.1163/9789004510593
Xiang, L. (2016). "China’s Role in the Global Climate Change Negotiations." “Chinese Journal of International Politics”, 9(3), 233–260.
Yinchenyi, Feng., Fan, Feng., Zhehao, Xu., Yiyun, Xue., Yongling, Gao., Hairong, Feng. (2024). 4. Economic Factors That Underline Chinas Diplomatic Pursuits in the World. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, doi: 10.54254/2753-7048/37/20240489
Zhao, S. (2019). “China’s Belt and Road Initiative: From Perception to Reality in Africa and Asia.” Routledge.
Zhiming, Long., Rémy, Herrera. (2023). 4. Dynamics of China's Economy:. doi: 10.1163/97890045284.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Muhammad Budiana
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
